Aging affects word retrieval due to processing speed decline
Research suggests that word-finding difficulties in aging are mainly due to a general slowdown in cognitive processing, rather than deficits in cognitive inhibition or specific language processing. Older adults experience increased interference and reduced benefits from phonological cues, reflecting weaker cognitive connections. This slowing of reaction time, rather than accuracy, is a strong indicator of cognitive decline, highlighting the importance of incorporating reaction time into cognitive assessments for early detection of aging-related cognitive impairments.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13825585.2024.2315774
Researchers have identified subtle speech pattern changes, particularly in the use of filled pauses (like “um” or “uh”), that may signal early cognitive decline. These speech traits, observable before more apparent memory and cognitive issues arise, could serve as an early indicator of conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. The findings suggest that analyzing everyday speech could help in the early detection of cognitive impairment, allowing for earlier intervention and treatment.
https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-identify-speech-trait-that-foreshadows-cognitive-decline