Supplements

The biological impact of supplements on aging, cognition, and physical performance. Molecular discoveries, hormone regulation, and the safety profiles of everyday essentials.

Level 1

Level 2

caffeine disrupts sleep

Caffeine disrupts sleep even when taken 6 hours before bedtime

A study found that consuming 400 mg of caffeine (equivalent to approximately 3-4 cups of coffee, depending on size and type) even 6 hours before bedtime significantly disrupts sleep, reducing total sleep time by over an hour. Participants often underestimated these effects, with objective measures showing greater disruption than subjective reports. These findings support avoiding caffeine at least 6 hours before sleep.

Level 3